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Wednesday, May 5, 2010

Why doesn't earth fall towards sun?

According to Newton's law of Gravitation, the force of attraction exists between every two bodies. But for small bodies this force is negligible. But earth and sun are two heavenly bodies having masses 6*10^24 kg and 2*10^30 kg respectively. In such case, force of attraction have a large value.

Such large force is enough to attract the earth by the sun. In such cases, earth would have collapse into the sun. But actually, it does not happen, earth is always at the fixed distance from the sun. Now the question arises, why does not earth fall into the sun although there exists a large force of attraction between them?

We know the force which is required to move a body uniformly in a circular path and acts along the radius and is directed towards the center of the circular path is termed as centripetal force.
Also, we know earth moves round the sun in a circular path. For the bodies to remain in circular path centripetal force is required which is directed towards the center. Since, the attraction force between earth and sun is towards the center of sun. So, the necessary centripetal force is provided by the attraction force between them. On the other hand, the direction of velocity with which the earth is moving is always perpendicular to the centripetal force. So, it does not have any component along the center of the sun.

Hence, the earth does not fall towards the sun due to its attraction.

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